As the weather warms up and flowers bloom, many parents notice their child developing a runny nose, sneezing, or congestion. But how do you know if it’s just a common cold or spring allergies? Since the symptoms can overlap, it’s important to understand the differences to ensure your child gets the right care.
While colds are caused by viruses and usually clear up on their own, allergies result from the immune system overreacting to pollen and other triggers. Knowing the difference helps parents manage symptoms effectively—and when in doubt, always check with your pediatrician.
Cold Symptoms in Children
The common cold is caused by viruses that spread through coughs, sneezes, and touch. Children are especially prone to colds because their immune systems are still developing, and they often come into contact with other kids at daycare or school.
Typical cold symptoms include:
- Runny or stuffy nose (often with thick, yellow or green mucus)
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Mild fever
- Fatigue
- Occasional sneezing
- Body aches
How long do colds last?
Colds usually last 7 to 10 days, with symptoms peaking around days 3 to 5 before gradually improving.
Are colds contagious?
Yes. Colds spread easily, especially in close-contact settings.
Spring Allergies in Children
Spring allergies—also known as seasonal allergic rhinitis or hay fever—occur when a child’s immune system reacts to allergens like pollen from trees, grass, and flowers. Unlike colds, allergies are not caused by a virus and are not contagious.
Common allergy symptoms include:
- Sneezing
- Clear, watery nasal discharge
- Itchy nose, throat, eyes, or ears
- Red, watery, or swollen eyes
- Postnasal drip (can cause a dry cough)
- No fever or body aches
How long do allergies last?
As long as the child is exposed to the allergen. Spring allergies can persist for weeks or months depending on pollen levels.
Are allergies contagious?
No. Allergies are an immune response, not an infection.
Cold vs. Spring Allergies: Key Differences
| Symptom | Cold | Allergies |
| Runny Nose | Yes (thicker mucus, yellow/green) | Yes (clear, watery mucus) |
| Sneezing | Sometimes | Frequent |
| Itchy Eyes/Nose | No | Yes |
| Fever | Sometimes (low grade) | No |
| Cough | Yes (especially at night) | Sometimes (from postnasal drip) |
| Duration | 7-10 days | Weeks or months (if exposure continues) |
| Contagious? | Yes | No |
When to See Your Pediatrician
If you’re unsure whether your child has a cold or allergies, your pediatrician can help make an accurate diagnosis. Schedule a visit if your child:
- Has persistent symptoms lasting more than two weeks
- Develops wheezing, trouble breathing, or persistent coughing
- Has a fever higher than 102°F (38.8°C) or worsening symptoms
- Shows signs of an ear infection (ear pain, pulling at the ears, fussiness)
- Has itchy, watery eyes that interfere with daily activities
Managing Spring Allergies in Children
If your child is diagnosed with seasonal allergies, your pediatrician may recommend:
- Limiting outdoor exposure during high pollen times (morning and evening)
- Keeping windows closed and using air purifiers indoors
- Washing hands and changing clothes after playing outside
- Over-the-counter antihistamines (if approved by your pediatrician)
- Nasal saline rinses or sprays to clear allergens from the nose
Home Remedies to Help with Symptoms
While medical guidance is essential, some home remedies can provide additional relief:
- Use a cool-mist humidifier to ease nasal congestion
- Encourage hydration to thin mucus and keep airways clear
- Apply a warm compress for sinus pressure relief
- Give honey (for children over 1 year old) to soothe a cough
Always consult your pediatrician before giving any medications, including natural remedies.
When in Doubt, Call Your Pediatrician
If you’re struggling to determine whether your child has a cold or allergies, don’t hesitate to reach out to Cobb Pediatrics at (770) 425-5331 to schedule an appointment in Marietta, GA.
Our team can provide guidance on managing symptoms and recommend appropriate treatments. With the right care, your child can enjoy the season feeling their best!
Sources:
Seasonal Allergies in Children | healthychildren.org
Is It Allergies or a Cold? How to Tell the Difference | healthychildren.org
